Fig. 7

Endotyping to stratify patients who are more likely to respond to treatment

Gene expression profiles (A) of k-means clustering (k = 6) of 807 active female lupus patients from GSE88884 ILLUMINATE-2. B Cosine similarity comparing the eight global SLE endotypes to the molecular endotypes in ILL-2. Clinical responses by C SRI-4 and D SRI-5 per endotype determined by gene expression data and 32 features. Responses among the treatment groups in C and D were ascertained by the chi-square test for trend (all three doses) or chi-square test for independence. Chi-square tests were performed for each endotype individually and summarized on the same plot. Significant results of the chi-square test for trend are denoted in the x-axis label of the endotype. Clusters were relabeled as one of the eight global endotypes using cosine similarity. Q2W and Q4W indicate frequency of drug administration was every 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. Heatmap in A was generated with GraphPad Prism v. 9.4.0 (673). Cosine similarity plot in B was generated with the plot.matrix R package and edited in Adobe Illustrator. Histograms in C, D were generated with GraphPad Prism v. 9.4.0 (673). *p < 0.05