Fig. 1
Genome-wide multi-trait colocalization analysis of T2D and 20 related traits. A Summary of the number of regions across the genome in which T2D colocalizes with at least one related trait. Traits are labelled by overarching phenotype family, e.g., lipids. B A stacked locus plot with an example of the colocalized genetic variant (4:157683685) across T2D, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fasting insulin at the PDGFC locus. C Network analysis of T2D genetic variants. Variants were clustered according to their pleiotropic associations with related traits plotted into the network, with nodes representing SNPs and the edges the correlations between SNPs based on trait Z-scores. SNPs that shared similar associations with metabolic traits clustered together. Five clusters were identified relating to insulin resistance, beta-cell deficiency, obesity, hepatic glucose metabolism, and liver and lipid metabolism. List of abbreviations: body mass index (BMI), alanine transaminase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue, gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), arm fat ratio, hemoglobin A1C, leg fat ratio, trunk fat ratio, 2-h glucose tolerance test (2hGlu), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)