Fig. 3

Therapeutic efficacy of TOFU mRNA vaccines in combination with ICI. a Timeline of therapy administration for the TOFU vaccine plus anti-PD-1 Ab combination approach. b Kluc tumor growth measurement using in vivo luminescence imaging at 48 h after the third vaccine treatment on day 20 following the tumor implantation (n = 5 per group). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons; p < 0.05 is *, and p < 0.01 is **. c Survival curve of Kluc tumor-bearing mice treated with Kluc TOFU mRNA vaccine plus anti-PD-1 Ab (TOFU DC + PD-1) and control treatments (Ctl DCs + IgG, Ctl DCs + PD-1, and TOFU DCs + IgG) (n = 6 to 7). d Survival curve of GL261 tumor-bearing mice treated with GL261 TOFU DCs + PD1 combination and control treatments (n = 7). Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test with significance at p < 0.05