Fig. 4

Reprograming of the tumor microenvironment following treatment with TOFU mRNA vaccines in combination with ICI. a–b Flow cytometry analysis of PD-1 expression on CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells in the peripheral blood of TOFU DCs + PD-1 or control-treated Kluc (a) or GL261 (b) tumor-bearing mice (n = 5 to 6 per group). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons, p < 0.05. c–d Heatmap showing immune-cell deconvolution from the RNA-seq data of isolated CD45 + ve immune cells from the Kluc (c) and GL261 (d) tumors following treatment (n = 4 to 5). e–f Pathway-based gene expression analysis in the immune cells for Kluc (e) and the GL261 (f) tumors using the nCounter Immunology Panel from NanoString (n = 4 to 5). Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison tests for TOFU DC + PD-1 to untreated mice comparison; p < 0.05