Fig. 1

Study overview. A A schematic diagram of sample collection in the context of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), followed by whole exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and data analyses. B The final number of samples in the NACBC sequencing set for analysis. All samples were acquired from 50 patients. In the pre-treatment group, there were 47 tumor samples for WES and 50 for RNA-seq. In the post-treatment group, there were 44 tumor samples for WES and 45 for RNA-seq. C Representative pathological images of tumors by hematoxylin–eosin staining from the responsive, middle responsive, and nonresponsive patients. Bar, 250 μm. D The distribution of patients with different Miller–Payne scores in the responsive, middle responsive, and nonresponsive groups