Fig. 2

Population-based clustering identifies pathological and molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. A Bar plots and heatmaps displaying the subcluster composition and clinical information of the patients included in this study. B Heatmap representation of the hierarchical clusters of pancreatic cancer patients. C PCA plot of the patient hierarchical clusters. The hierarchical clustering and PCA were based on the composition data for the cancer cell population and CAF population. D Bar plot representing the fraction of samples pathologically diagnosed as IPMN or PDAC across the patient clusters. E Pathological stages of the patients in each patient subcluster. F Proportions of cancer cell clusters showing differential patterns in their fraction across the patient clusters. G Heatmap showing the average expression of signature genes in pancreatic cancer subtypes (IPMN—adenocarcinoma, classical—basal-like, NMF signatures). H,I Shannon Diversity Index was calculated in (H) the cancer cell population and (I) the CAF. Whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values, and values exceeding 1.5 × IQR (interquartile range) are noted as outliers