Table 1 Population characteristics for the total population cohort. Overview of population characteristics for the Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese (SA Surinamese), African Surinamese (Afr Surinamese), Ghanaian, Turkish, and Moroccan, presented separately per sex

Males

N

1717

863

1145

570

1301

1257

Age (in years)

44.45 ± 13.35

39.07 ± 12.48

44.91 ± 12.87

43.72 ± 12.05

38.26 ± 11.47

39.68 ± 11.92

Educational level

  Higher (%)

63.9

27.1

20.3

9.5

17.9

20.5

  Intermediate (%)

23.0

36.5

34.8

27.9

30.7

35.2

  Lower (%)

10.4

26.9

38.5

44.4

30.7

22.3

  Elementary (%)

2.3

9.2

5.7

16.3

19.8

20.4

  NA (%)

0.4

0.3

0.7

1.9

0.9

1.5

Occupational level

  Academic (%)

22.9

6.6

2.5

1.2

3.8

2.8

  Higher (%)

37.8

18.3

17.0

3.5

9.9

12.7

  Intermediate (%)

21.0

26.5

23.4

8.8

21.1

22.2

  Lower (%)

11.4

32.1

38.8

26.5

41.7

38.7

  Elementary (%)

0.9

5.9

8.6

45.4

10.4

12.8

  NA (%)

6.1

10.5

9.7

14.6

13.1

10.8

Employment status

  Working (%)

79.6

70.2

67.8

72.3

70.4

69.9

  Not in workforce (%)

12.1

9.4

7.9

6.8

7.3

7.0

  Unemployed (%)

5.8

13.8

16.9

15.6

14.7

15.4

  Unfit for work (%)

2.3

5.1

6.0

3.3

5.9

7.2

  NA (%)

0.2

1.5

1.3

1.9

1.7

0.6

Smoking

  Yes (%)

26.0

40.0

45.3

8.1

42.1

27.3

  Never (%)

36.2

45.1

37.3

79.5

34.7

48.8

  Former (%)

37.8

14.6

16.9

11.8

22.5

23.4

  NA (%)

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.7

0.7

0.5

Alcohol

  Yes (%)

95.0

69.9

80.1

53.9

36.7

14.2

  No (%)

5.0

29.8

19.1

45.1

62.4

85.2

  NA (%)

0

0.3

0.8

1.1

0.9

0.6

Physical activity

  Yes (%)

72.5

55.7

69.1

62.1

49.7

54.4

  No (%)

27.4

43.9

30.8

37.9

50.0

45.3

  NA (%)

0.1

0.3

0.1

0

0.4

0.2

SugarDrinks

  Yes (%)

49.7

67.4

70.8

49.5

69.5

74.3

  No (%)

50.1

32.1

28.1

48.1

29.0

25.1

  NA (%)

0.2

0.5

1.0

2.5

1.5

0.6

Fruit intake

  Yes (%)

56.6

39.9

40.2

34.0

43.0

39.6

  No (%)

43.3

60.0

59.3

64.9

56.3

59.4

  NA (%)

0.1

0.1

0.5

1.1

0.7

0.7

PPI use

  Yes (%)

3.4

3.9

3.5

2.5

7.5

6.6

MetSyn = yes (%)

20.6

29.2

15.4

13.3

32.4

24.4

Central obesity = yes (%)

37.8

51.1

31.3

31.9

55.0

48.0

High glucose = yes (%)

29.7

34.1

24.3

22.6

28.1

31.8

High blood pressure = yes (%)

43.5

42.3

54.5

63.5

41.5

38.2

Low HDL = yes (%)

11.2

27.2

11.5

7.0

33.1

25.9

High triglycerides = yes (%)

14.5

19.6

7.2

4.4

25.1

14.1

Waist circumference (in cm)

91.90 ± 10.60

90.79 ± 11.76

89.68 ± 11.40

89.19 ± 10.16

95.54 ± 11.48

93.73 ± 10.94

Fasting glucose (in mmol/L)

5.34 ± 0.47

5.42 ± 0.47

5.25 ± 0.47

5.21 ± 0.48

5.35 ± 0.45

5.38 ± 0.48

SBP (in mmHg)

127.9 ± 14.7

126.6 ± 14.2

131.3 ± 16.5

135.4 ± 17.1

125.6 ± 12.8

125.6 ± 13.1

DBP (in mmHg)

80.3 ± 9.6

80.9 ± 10.0

82.9 ± 10.5

85.4 ± 11.4

80.3 ± 9.3

78.3 ± 8.8

HDL (in mmol/L)

1.41 ± 0.36

1.20 ± 0.32

1.40 ± 0.38

1.52 ± 0.43

1.15 ± 0.30

1.20 ± 0.30

Triglycerides (in mmol/L)

0.9 [0.63–1.32]

1.05 [0.72–1.47]

0.75 [0.52–1.1]

0.68 [0.49–0.96]

1.09 [0.73–1.71]

0.9 [0.63–1.33]

Females

N

2113

1113

1615

925

1571

2019

Age (in years)

43.59 ± 13.79

41.31 ± 12.51

43.57 ± 12.16

40.23 ± 10.80

37.14 ± 11.14

36.97 ± 12.02

Educational level

 Higher (%)

64.8

26.8

28.7

5.9

16.3

18.6

 Intermediate (%)

20.5

32.0

41.7

23.0

32.5

36.7

 Lower (%)

11.7

30.6

25.8

37.0

19.7

16.4

 Elementary (%)

2.4

10.0

3.0

32.0

30.4

27.7

 NA (%)

0.5

0.6

0.9

2.1

1.1

0.6

Occupational level

 Academic (%)

19.4

5.3

2.8

0.6

3.3

2.4

 Higher (%)

38.1

16.2

20.6

2.6

9.2

12.4

 Intermediate (%)

20.9

31.4

39.4

8.4

19.4

23.2

 Lower (%)

13.4

27.3

22.8

18.3

22.5

17.1

 Elementary (%)

1.7

7.6

3.9

52.2

15.1

10.4

 NA (%)

6.6

12.1

10.3

17.8

30.4

34.5

Employment status

 Working (%)

75.9

65.9

67.5

56.0

44.1

42.0

 Not in workforce (%)

15.8

14.3

11.0

8.5

33.2

37.6

 Unemployed (%)

5.4

12.6

14.1

25.0

14.1

14.1

 Unfit for work (%)

2.6

6.5

6.7

7.4

7.1

5.2

 NA (%)

0.3

0.8

0.8

3.1

1.5

1.1

Smoking

 Yes (%)

23.2

21.1

25.6

2.2

30.7

6.2

 Never (%)

40.3

67.7

58.3

93.1

57.2

90.0

 Former (%)

36.1

10.9

15.7

4.1

11.6

3.5

 NA (%)

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.2

Alcohol

 Yes (%)

89.9

53.5

68.3

44.1

14.6

4.6

 No (%)

9.9

46.2

31.5

54.6

84.9

95.1

 NA (%)

0.2

0.3

0.2

1.3

0.5

0.3

Physical activity

 Yes (%)

78.2

46.3

54.4

46.3

35.2

39.7

 No (%)

21.7

53.5

45.5

53.6

64.7

60.1

 NA (%)

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

SugarDrinks

 Yes (%)

34.4

57.3

56.2

53.7

56.3

61.1

 No (%)

65.1

41.1

42.3

42.7

42.0

37.5

 NA (%)

0.5

1.6

1.5

3.6

1.7

1.3

Fruit intake

 Yes (%)

70.5

52.7

50.5

33.8

54.7

49.3

 No (%)

29.3

46.5

48.9

65.0

44.6

49.8

 NA (%)

0.2

0.8

0.6

1.2

0.7

0.9

PPI use

 Yes (%)

3.5

5.7

4.6

2.7

10.0

7.4

MetSyn = yes (%)

9.0

20.6

14.9

13.5

18.0

15.0

Central obesity = yes (%)

56.4

68.9

74.1

80.8

72.6

72.7

High glucose = yes (%)

11.4

17.7

11.8

11.5

11.2

14.1

High blood pressure = yes (%)

19.2

26.6

39.0

45.8

18.0

15.6

Low HDL = yes (%)

12.7

33.8

21.2

15.8

36.4

33.5

High triglycerides = yes (%)

5.2

8.5

2.0

1.3

9.9

4.5

Waist circumference (in cm)

83.77 ± 11.50

86.83 ± 12.97

89.68 ± 14.11

91.47 ± 13.05

89.29 ± 13.82

89.75 ± 14.00

Fasting glucose (in mmol/L)

5.02 ± 0.45

5.13 ± 0.49

5.00 ± 0.46

4.99 ± 0.47

5.03 ± 0.44

5.05 ± 0.47

SBP (in mmHg)

118.2 ± 14.7

120.4 ± 16.9

125.0 ± 16.9

129.4 ± 18.5

116.5 ± 13.8

115.7 ± 13.7

DBP (in mmHg)

73.2 ± 8.9

75.7 ± 9.9

78.3 ± 10.5

80.4 ± 10.9

73.4 ± 8.9

71.3 ± 8.4

HDL (in mmol/L)

1.76 ± 0.44

1.48 ± 0.38

1.63 ± 0.43

1.69 ± 0.43

1.45 ± 0.36

1.46 ± 0.34

Triglycerides (in mmol/L)

0.71 [0.5–0.99]

0.81 [0.6–1.14]

0.63 [0.46–0.87]

0.54 [0.41–0.73]

0.82 [0.56–1.19]

0.67 [0.46–0.99]