Fig. 1
From: Recent advances in polygenic scores: translation, equitability, methods and FAIR tools
Baseline risk can substantially change the utility of a polygenic score. A Effect size (odds ratio) of PGS for an example disease in the populations of European (EUR) and African (AFR) ancestry. B Prevalence of disease risk across PGS percentiles. The bolded line indicates a high-risk threshold that impacts treatment decisions (here 10%, similar to most clinical guidelines [53]). Dashed lines indicate the average disease risk in each ancestry group. Data presented are simulated [54] to match observed effect sizes for PGS for CAD [52] and assuming that the African population has a two-fold higher disease risk than the European ancestry population (here with a baseline risk of 4%) similar to the observed difference in cardiovascular disease incidence between ethnicities [55]