Fig. 4

Three distinct subtypes of tumor-associated macrophage in three different PitNETs lineages. A UMAP map depicting macrophage cells color-coded by subtypes. B Dot plot displaying the specific marker genes for the five subtypes of macrophages. C The percentage of the five subtypes of macrophages observed in the three lineages. P-values are calculated using ANOVA. D–E. Violin plots show marker genes (D) expression levels and cell abundance (E) for the five subtype macrophages of three lineages. P-values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. F–H. Immunofluorescence (IF) image demonstrating the cell distribution of CX3CR1⁺ (F), GPNMB⁺ (G), and C1Q⁺ (H) macrophages in the three lineage tumor cells. I. Flow cytometry data presents the proportion of CX3CR1⁺ macrophages in the population across the three lineages. P-values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean in bar plots. J Trajectory plot of monocytes and the five subtypes of macrophages in a two-dimensional state-space inferred by Monocle 2 analysis (up) and the transition trajectories along pseudotime (down). K Three-phase distribution of C1Q⁺ macrophages and CX3CR1⁺ macrophages along pseudotime. Heatmap depicting the dynamic expression changes of genes and related pathways of C1Q⁺ macrophages and CX3CR1⁺ macrophages along pseudotime