Figure 1From: Predicting the pathogenesis of influenza from genomic response: a step toward early diagnosisModel of differential outcomes of influenza virus infection in humans. In symptomatic cases, early virus replication is not controlled, and innate immune sensors (pathogen-recognition receptors) and inflammasome activation lead to inflammatory responses. In late stages of infection, lungs exhibit immunopathology, and cytokines signal to recruit innate effector cells and engage adaptive immune responses. In asymptomatic or subclinical cases, early virus infection is controlled, antioxidant responses are induced, and inflammasome genes are repressed, leading to an absence of inflammation and disease. CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; hpi, hours post-infection; IFN, interferon; NK, natural killer; PRR, pathogen-recognition receptor.Back to article page