Figure 2

Personalized genomic medicine at molecular-level resolution. Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of the different sets of the patient's cells provides different types of information. Sequencing the primary tumor and normal cells of a patient can identify potential oncogenes, tumor suppressors, structural variations and somatic aberrations (for example, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions or deletions (indels), copy number variations (CNVs), or structural variations) involved in tumor formation, as well as significantly altered biological pathways. Sequencing metastatic cells can also provide insight into clonal selection, metastatic-specific aberrations, and other valuable information. Together, information from all three cellular sources can help determine targets for therapy. Verifying whether the target, chemoresistance and drug metabolism genes have functionally relevant polymorphisms will further enable tailoring of the treatment to the patient. LOH, loss of heterozygosity.