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Table 2 Concentrations of metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid samples

From: Multi-platform characterization of the human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome: a comprehensive and quantitative update

Compound name

Average (μM)

Standard deviation (μM)

Literature value (μM)

1,5-Anhydrosorbitola

25

13

18 ± 5

2-Hydroxybutyric acida, b

40

24

35 ± 24

2-Hydroxyisovaleric acida

8

6

7 ± 7

2-Oxoglutaric acida

5

4

9 ± 3

2-Oxoisovaleric acida

6

3

8 ± 7

3-Hydroxybutyric acida

34

31

46 ± 24

3-Hydroxyisobutyric acida

6

3

18 ± 18

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acida

4

2

NA

Acetaminophena

11

6

NA

Acetic acida

58

27

100 ± 30

Acetoacetic acida

12

14

6 ± 6

Acetonea

20

21

67 ± 24

L-Alaninea

46

27

37 ± 7

Cholinea

3

1

8 ± 5

Citric acida

225

96

176 ± 50

Creatinea

44

13

NA

Creatininea

43

12

65 ± 25

Dimethylsulfonea

2

1

11 ± 6

Dimethylaminea

2

1

NA

Formic acida

32

16

NA

D-Fructosea

160

91

240 ± 20

D-Glucosea, c

2,960

1,110

5,390 ± 1,650

L-Glutamic acida

40

52

33 ± 7

L-Glutaminea, c

398

150

444 ± 80

Glycerola, b

28

14

14 ± 3

L-Histidinea, c

15

8

12 ± 2

L-Isoleucinea

7

5

8 ± 3

Isopropyl alcohola

22

56

NA

Lactic acida

1,651

626

1,590 ± 330

L-Leucinea

16

9

19 ± 4

L-Lysinea

29

13

28 ± 8

D-Mannosea

24

13

64 ± 8

Methanola

44

36

NA

L-Methioninea, c

5

4

6 ± 3

Myo-inositola

84

40

133 ± 20

Oxalacetic acida

27

15

7 ± 2

L-Phenyalaninea, c

15

8

18 ± 7

Propylene glycola

33

50

7.3 ± 0.5

Pyroglutamic acida

47

30

41 ± 30

Pyruvic acida

53

42

71 ± 30

L-Serinea, c

38

14

42 ± 15

L-Threoninea, c

28

8

28 ± 5

L-Tryptophana, c

10

5

2 ± 1

L-Tyrosinea

12

9

10 ± 4

L-Valinea

19

13

24 ± 7

Xanthinea

13

7

5 ± 1

4-Aminobutyric acidb

<1

<1

0.3 ± 0.1

Adenosineb

<1

<1

0.01 ± 0.01

Ascorbic acidb

178

15

164 ± 20

L-Asparagineb

4

2

5 ± 1

L-Aspartic acidb

2

1

3 ± 1

D-Galactoseb

107

45

166 ± 99

Mannitolb

5

2

5 ± 1

Ribitolb

18

5

4 ± 12

Succinic acida, b

47

12

29 ± 5

Thymineb

<5

<2

<1

Ureab

3,820

1,600

4,160 ± 1,800

Uric acidb

15

10

16 ± 12

DL-carnitinec

1.9

0.5

4.0 ± 2.0

Acetyl-L-carnitinec

0.322

0.148

NA

Propionyl-L-carnitinec

0.018

0.009

NA

Hydroxypropionylcarnitinec

0.063

0.030

NA

Butyryl-L-carnitinec

0.024

0.007

NA

Valeryl-L-carnitinec

0.013

0.006

NA

Glycineb, c

6.1

1.4

8.2 ± 3.0

L-Argininec

17.9

5.7

20.2 ± 6.3

L-Ornithinec

4.5

2.2

6.0 ± 1.5

L-Prolinec

1.9

1.0

4.0 ± 2.0

SM (OH) C14:1c

0.028

0.004

NA

SM (OH) C16:1c

0.020

0.007

NA

SM (OH) C22:1c

0.034

0.009

NA

SM (OH) C22:2c

0.032

0.008

NA

SM (OH) C24:1c

0.017

0.004

NA

SM C16:0c

0.336

0.109

NA

SM C16:1c

0.040

0.016

NA

SM C18:0c

0.340

0.154

NA

SM C18:1c

0.069

0.026

NA

SM C20:2c

0.003

0.001

NA

SM C24:0c

0.114

0.022

NA

SM C24:1c

0.230

0.113

NA

SM C26:0c

0.007

0.001

NA

SM C26:1c

0.007

0.003

NA

PC aa C30:0c

0.086

0.005

NA

PC aa C30:2c

0.010

0.004

NA

PC aa C32:0c

0.252

0.080

NA

PC aa C32:1c

0.150

0.051

NA

PC aa C32:2c

0.024

0.008

NA

PC aa C34:1c

1.800

0.490

NA

PC aa C34:2c

0.245

0.010

NA

PC aa C34:3c

0.038

0.003

NA

PC aa C36:1c

0.212

0.062

NA

PC aa C36:2c

0.302

0.044

NA

PC aa C36:3c

0.126

0.040

NA

PC aa C36:4c

0.228

0.036

NA

PC aa C36:5c

0.041

0.007

NA

PC aa C38:1c

0.041

0.002

NA

PC aa C38:3c

0.110

0.049

NA

PC aa C38:4c

0.209

0.068

NA

PC aa C38:5c

0.074

0.011

NA

PC aa C38:6c

0.079

0.010

NA

PC aa C40:3c

0.004

0.001

NA

PC aa C40:4c

0.015

0.007

NA

PC aa C40:5c

0.031

0.003

NA

PC aa C42:4c

0.004

0.001

NA

PC ae C32:1c

0.022

0.007

NA

PC ae C34:0c

0.018

0.005

NA

PC ae C34:1c

0.085

0.008

NA

PC ae C34:2c

0.062

0.005

NA

PC ae C34:3c

0.011

0.001

NA

PC ae C36:1c

0.032

0.007

NA

PC ae C36:2c

0.024

0.009

NA

PC ae C36:3c

0.017

0.006

NA

PC ae C36:4c

0.024

0.005

NA

PC ae C36:5c

0.032

0.005

NA

PC ae C38:1c

0.009

0.002

NA

PC ae C38:2c

0.013

0.002

NA

PC ae C38:3c

0.009

0.003

NA

PC ae C38:4c

0.020

0.005

NA

PC ae C38:5c

0.025

0.008

NA

PC ae C38:6c

0.014

0.004

NA

PC ae C40:5c

0.006

0.001

NA

PC ae C40:6c

0.018

0.003

NA

PC ae C44:4c

0.013

0.001

NA

PC ae C44:5c

0.024

0.009

NA

lysoPC a C18:0c

0.069

0.019

NA

lysoPC a C20:4c

0.024

0.007

NA

  1. aMetabolites measured by NMR. bMetabolites measured by GC-MS. cMetabolites measured by DFI-MS/MS. aa, diacyl; ae, acyl-alkyl; NA, not available; PC, phosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyelin.