Table 1 Current FDA-approved antivirals and their targets
From: Virus-host interactomics: new insights and opportunities for antiviral drug discovery
DrugBank ID | Name | Type | Year of first approval as an antiviral | Virus | Target(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DB00249 | Idoxuridine | Small molecule | 1963 | HSV | DNA, viral thymidine kinase |
DB00915 | Amantadine | Small molecule | 1966 | Influenza virus | Viral matrix protein M2 |
DB00987 | Cytarabine | Small molecule | 1969 | Herpesviruses | Human cytidine deaminase, human cytochrome P450 3A4, human deoxycytidine kinase, human 5’-nucleotidase, human deoxycytidylate deaminase |
DB00194 | Vidarabine | Small molecule | 1976 | HSV, VZV | Viral DNA polymerase, viral thymidine kinase, DNA |
DB00811 | Ribavirin | Small molecule | 1980 | HCV, RSV | Human inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1, human adenosine kinase, human cytosolic purine 5’-nucleotidase |
DB00787 | Aciclovir | Small molecule | 1982 | HSV1, HSV2, VZV | Viral DNA polymerase, viral thymidine kinase |
DB00495 | Zidovudine | Small molecule | 1987 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB01004 | Ganciclovir | Small molecule | 1989 | CMV | Viral DNA polymerase, viral thymidine kinase, DNA |
- | Tromantadine | Small molecule | Later than 1990 | HSV | Human glycoproteins |
- | Interferons | Proteins | 1990s | Hepatitis, etc. | Human IFNARs |
DB00900 | Didanosine | Small molecule | 1991 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00529 | Foscarnet | Small molecule | 1991 | CMV, HSV | Viral DNA polymerase |
DB00943 | Zalcitabine | Small molecule | 1992 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00426 | Famciclovir | Small molecule | 1994 | HSV, VZV | Viral DNA polymerase |
DB00478 | Rimantadine | Small molecule | 1994 | Influenza virus | Viral matrix protein M2 |
DB00649 | Stavudine | Small molecule | 1994 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00709 | Lamivudine | Small molecule | 1995 | HIV, HBV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00432 | Trifluridine | Small molecule | 1995 | HSV | Viral thymidylate kinase |
DB00577 | Valaciclovir | Small molecule | 1995 | HSV, VZV, CMV | Viral DNA polymerase, viral thymidine kinase |
DB00369 | Cidofovir | Small molecule | 1996 | CMV | Viral DNA polymerase |
DB00224 | Indinavir | Small molecule | 1996 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB00238 | Nevirapine | Small molecule | 1996 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00299 | Penciclovir | Small molecule | 1996 | HSV | Viral DNA polymerase, viral thymidine kinase |
DB00503 | Ritonavir | Small molecule | 1996 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB01232 | Saquinavir | Small molecule | 1996 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB00705 | Delavirdine | Small molecule | 1997 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00220 | Nelfinavir | Small molecule | 1997 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB01048 | Abacavir | Small molecule | 1998 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00625 | Efavirenz | Small molecule | 1998 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
- | Fomivirsen | Oligonucleotide | 1998 | CMV | Viral mRNA |
DB00110 | Palivizumab | Humanized monoclonal antibody | 1998 | RSV | Viral fusion glycoprotein F0 |
DB00701 | Amprenavir | Small molecule | 1999 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB00198 | Oseltamivir | Small molecule | 1999 | Influenza virus | Viral neuraminidase |
DB00558 | Zanamivir | Small molecule | 1999 | Influenza virus | Viral neuraminidase |
DB00632 | Docosanol | Small molecule | 2000 | HSV | Viral envelope glycoprotein |
DB01601 | Lopinavir | Small molecules | 2000 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB00022 | Peginterferon alfa-2b | Protein | 2001 | HCV | Human IFNARs |
DB00300 | Tenofovir | Small molecule | 2001 | HIV, HBV | Viral DNA |
DB01610 | Valganciclovir | Small molecule | 2001 | CMV | DNA |
DB00718 | Adefovir Dipivoxil | Small molecule | 2002 | HBV | Viral DNA polymerase |
DB00008 | Peginterferon alfa-2a | Protein | 2002 | Hepatitis | Human IFNARs |
DB01072 | Atazanavir | Small molecule | 2003 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB00879 | Emtricitabine | Small molecule | 2003 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB00109 | Enfuvirtide | Protein | 2003 | HIV | Viral envelope glycoprotein |
DB01319 | Fosamprenavir | Small molecule | 2003 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB00442 | Entecavir | Small molecule | 2005 | HBV | DNA |
DB00932 | Tipranavir | Small molecule | 2005 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB01264 | Darunavir | Small molecule | 2006 | HIV | Viral protease |
DB01265 | Telbivudine | Small molecule | 2006 | HBV | Viral DNA polymerase, DNA |
DB04835 | Maraviroc | Small molecule | 2007 | HIV | Human CCR5 |
DB06817 | Raltegravir | Small molecule | 2007 | HIV | Viral integrase |
DB06414 | Etravirine | Small molecule | 2008 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB08873 | Boceprevir | Small molecule | 2011 | HCV | Viral NS3 protein |
DB08864 | Rilpivirine | Small molecule | 2011 | HIV | Viral reverse transcriptase |
DB05521 | Telaprevir | Small molecule | 2011 | HCV | Virus NS3-4A protease |