Fig. 4

Precision models for cancer drug treatment and resistance. a CRISPR-induced gene knockout or engineered drug target alleles (for example, EML-ALK) can be used for testing drug sensitivity or resistance in cultured cells or mice. b A lentiviral single guide RNA (sgRNA) library can be stably introduced into cells through pooled infection. Deep sequencing will measure sgRNA enrichment or depletion upon drug treatment to identify drug-resistant or drug-sensitive genes. c A diagram of genetic disease correction (adapted from [19]). A homology-directed repair (HDR) template single-stranded DNA carrying a wild-type ‘G’ nucleotide was applied to repair the ‘A’ mutation in the last position of exon 8 in the type I tyrosinemia gene Fah