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Table 1 Results of unbiased metagenomic deep sequencing and conventional diagnostic tests on intraocular fluid samples

From: Illuminating uveitis: metagenomic deep sequencing identifies common and rare pathogens

Subject

Clinical diagnosis

Sample type

MDS

PCR

RT- PCR

Culture

Total culture read pairs

Percentage unique non-host read pairs

Organism (number of unique read pairs)

HSV-1

HSV-2

VZV

CMV

T. gondii

RV

1

Anterior uveitis

Aqueous fluid

16,919,211

0.003

HSV-1 (423)

Pos

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

NA

NA

2

Panuveitis

Vitreous fluid

4,551,967

0.10

C. neoformans (8469)

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

NA

C. neoformans

3

Panuveitis

Vitreous fluid

10,759,511

0.02

T. gondii (1853)

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Pos

NA

NA

4

Panuveitis (noninfectious)

Aqueous fluid

9,548,748

0.01

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

NA

NA

5

Epiretinal membrane (noninflammatory)

Vitreous fluid

7,167,502

0.04

Neg

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

6

Anterior and intermediate uveitis

Aqueous fluid, right eye

1,684,220

0.41

RV (585)

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Pos

NA

Vitreous fluid, left eye

12,111,540

0.01

RV (10)

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

Neg

NA

NA

 

Control

H20

983,525

4.13

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

  1. MDS correctly identified known infections in subjects 1–3. Subjects 4 and 5 had non-infectious ocular disease and had negative MDS testing for pathogens. RV was identified via MDS in subject 6 and confirmed by the California Department of Public Health’s RT-PCR assay. Abbreviations: Pos, positive; Neg, negative; NA, not applicable; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus-1; HSV-2, herpes simplex virus-2; VZV, varicella zoster virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; T. gondii, Toxoplasma gondii; RV, rubella virus; C. neoformans, Cryptococcus neoformans