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Fig. 1 | Genome Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Approaches to modernize the combination drug development paradigm

Fig. 1

An example of an adaptive trial design. Patients are matched to treatments according to molecular subtype. Multiple doses and schedules are tested in dose escalation for the combination of drugs A and B. Adaptive randomization can be used to maximize the number of patients randomized to the most effective arm. Schedules that show inferior activity, inferior pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles, or increased toxicity are stopped early (red crosses) and the most optimal dose/schedule is taken forward to cohort expansion. IO immuno-oncology, PD pharmacodynamics, PK pharmacokinetics

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