From: Advances in the delivery of RNA therapeutics: from concept to clinical reality
Delivery vehicle | Type of RNA in clinical trials | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Naked RNA | siRNA, ASO, mRNA | No additional materials or synthesis required | Prone to degradation Immunogenic Difficulty entering cell Poor circulation half-life | |
Nanoparticle | siRNA, ASO, mRNA | Increased half life Protection from nucleases Aids in endocytosis and endosomal escape | Elevated risk of toxicity with introducing excipient materials | [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,59,83,84,107,111,112,157,158,37, 58–60, 82–85, 106–108, 110–113, 131, 145, 156–159] |
Conjugate | siRNA, ASO | Defined chemical structure Ability to target specific receptors Limited toxicity due to lack of excipient materials | High doses required Dependent on chemical modifications for RNA stability |