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Table 1 Characteristics of samples included in the MINERvA cohort

From: Elevated polygenic burden for autism is associated with differential DNA methylation at birth

Characteristic

Unit/category

ASD

Controls

P value

Sexa (%)

Male

52.0

49.8

0.933

Birth yeara (%)

1998

31.8

30.6

0.991

1999

28.3

29

2000

7

6.78

2001

13.7

14.2

2002

19.2

19.4

Gestational ageb (mean (sd))

Weeks

39.6 (1.82)

39.6 (1.72)

0.96

Urbanicityb (%)

1: Capital

18.1

17

0.879

2: Suburb of the capital

14.9

13.4

3: Municipalities having a town with more than 100,000 inhabitants

8.27

8.68

4: Municipalities having a town with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants

27.3

29.2

5: Other municipalities in Denmark (largest town has less than 10,000 inhabitants)

31.3

31.7

Time to sampling (mean (sd))

Days

6.01 (3.15)

6.15 (3.33)

0.46

Maternal age (mean (sd))

Years

29.2 (4.94)

29.7 (4.57)

0.07

Paternal age (mean (sd))

Years

32.1 (6.04)

31.9 (5.40)

0.476

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (%)

Smoke at any time

29.0

21.2

0.00256

Non-smoker

71.0

78.8

Maternal smoking amount during pregnancy (%)

5 or less cigarettes per day

6.46

7.25

0.00573

6–10 cigarettes per day

11.2

7.59

11–20 cigarettes per day

9.6

5.06

21 or more cigarettes per day

1.05

1.18

Birth weight (mean (sd))

Grams

3512 (581)

3541 (542)

0.355

  1. aPrimary characteristics used to match ASD cases and controls
  2. bSecondary characteristics used to match ASD cases and controls as closely as possible. There was a significant difference in maternal smoking rates between ASD cases and controls