From: Elevated polygenic burden for autism is associated with differential DNA methylation at birth
Characteristic | Unit/category | ASD | Controls | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sexa (%) | Male | 52.0 | 49.8 | 0.933 |
Birth yeara (%) | 1998 | 31.8 | 30.6 | 0.991 |
1999 | 28.3 | 29 | ||
2000 | 7 | 6.78 | ||
2001 | 13.7 | 14.2 | ||
2002 | 19.2 | 19.4 | ||
Gestational ageb (mean (sd)) | Weeks | 39.6 (1.82) | 39.6 (1.72) | 0.96 |
Urbanicityb (%) | 1: Capital | 18.1 | 17 | 0.879 |
2: Suburb of the capital | 14.9 | 13.4 | ||
3: Municipalities having a town with more than 100,000 inhabitants | 8.27 | 8.68 | ||
4: Municipalities having a town with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants | 27.3 | 29.2 | ||
5: Other municipalities in Denmark (largest town has less than 10,000 inhabitants) | 31.3 | 31.7 | ||
Time to sampling (mean (sd)) | Days | 6.01 (3.15) | 6.15 (3.33) | 0.46 |
Maternal age (mean (sd)) | Years | 29.2 (4.94) | 29.7 (4.57) | 0.07 |
Paternal age (mean (sd)) | Years | 32.1 (6.04) | 31.9 (5.40) | 0.476 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (%) | Smoke at any time | 29.0 | 21.2 | 0.00256 |
Non-smoker | 71.0 | 78.8 | ||
Maternal smoking amount during pregnancy (%) | 5 or less cigarettes per day | 6.46 | 7.25 | 0.00573 |
6–10 cigarettes per day | 11.2 | 7.59 | ||
11–20 cigarettes per day | 9.6 | 5.06 | ||
21 or more cigarettes per day | 1.05 | 1.18 | ||
Birth weight (mean (sd)) | Grams | 3512 (581) | 3541 (542) | 0.355 |