From: Recent advances in immunotherapies: from infection and autoimmunity, to cancer, and back again
Checkpoint molecule | Biological role | Therapeutic | Disease | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
CTLA-4 | Inhibits TCR/CD28 signaling. | Ipilimumab | Malignancy | Schadendorf et al. 2015 [93] |
Limits primary T cell activation. | Tremelimumab | Malignancy | Ribas et al. 2013 [94] | |
 |  | Chronic infection | Sangro et al. 2013 [95] | |
 | Abatacept | Autoimmune disease | Kremer et al. 2006 [96] | |
PD-1/PD-L1 | Inhibits TCR/CD28 -signaling via ITIM and ITSM. Limits T e ffector function. | Nivolumab | Malignancy | Topalian et al. 2012 [49] |
Pembrolizumab | Malignancy | Reck et al. 2016 [97] | ||
Avelumab | Malignancy | Kaufman et al. 2016 [98] | ||
Atezolizumab | Malignancy | Rittmeyer et al. 2017 [99] | ||
TIGIT | Inhibits CD226 co-stimulation via ITIM. Limits T cell e ffector function. | OMP-31Â M32 | Malignancy | NCT03 119,428 |
MTIG7192 A | Malignancy | NCT03563716 | ||
BMS-986207 | Malignancy | NCT02913313 | ||
Tim3 (HAVCR2) | Negatively regulates TCR/CD28 signaling. Limits T cell activation. | Ly3321367 | Malignancy | NCT03099109 |
MBG453 | Malignancy | NCT02608268 | ||
TSR-022 | Malignancy | NCT02817633 | ||
Sym023 | Malignancy | NCT03489343 | ||
LAG-3 | Negatively regulates TCR signaling. Limits T cell proliferation. | BMS-986016 | Malignancy | NCT01968109 |
TSR-033 | Malignancy | NCT03250832 | ||
MGD013 | Malignancy | NCT03219268 | ||
Sym022 | Malignancy | NCT03489369 | ||
IMP321 | Malignancy | NCT02676869 | ||
GSK2831781 | Autoimmunity | NCT02195349 |