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Table 1 Characteristics of participants, complex structural variants, and individual rearrangement events

From: Complex structural variants in Mendelian disorders: identification and breakpoint resolution using short- and long-read genome sequencing

Details of participant

Details of whole cxSV

Details of individual rearrangement events

Participant

Phenotype

Sex

cxSV type

Nomenclature

Inheritance

Pathogenicity (implicated gene)

GT

Chr

Start

End

SV

Included segmentsb

Size

Confirmation method

P1

Coffin-Siris syndrome; Atrial septal defect; Cleft soft palate

F

dupINVinvDEL

46,XX,der(6)(q25.1,q28)dn

seq[GRCh37/hg19]der(6)(6pter->6q25.2(+)(154768570)::

q25.2(+)(154778901),q25.2(+)154778992::

q25.2(-)(154774047),q25.2 (-)(154768570)::

q25.2(-)(154768570),q25.1(-)(~151443182-151443482))dn

De novo

Pathogenic (ARID1B)

Het

6

151443332a

154768570

Dup

B

3.3 Mb

Microarray

151443332

154778901

Inv

B-C-E

3.3 Mb

Sanger

154774047

154778992

Inv

D-E

4.9 kb

Sanger

154778901

171115067

Del

D-F

16.3 Mb

Sanger and Microarray

P2

Tonic-clonic seizures; Intellectual disability; Learning difficulties

M

delINVdup

46,XX,der(1)(q44,q44).

seq[GRCh37/hg19]der(1)

(1pter->1q44(+)(244867200)::

TCGCC{5}::

q44(-)(246816211),q44(-)(246064238})::

GGG...TAG{48}::

q44(+)(246569871)->1qter)dn

De novo

Pathogenic (HNRNPU)

Het

1

244867200

246064238

Del

B

1.2 Mb

Sanger and Microarray

246064238

246816211

Inv

C-D

505 kb

Sanger

246569871

246816211

Dup

D

246 kb

Sanger and Microarray

P3

Cone-rod dystrophy; Sensorineural hearing loss

M

delINVdel

46,XX,der(9)(q21.2,q21.2)

seq[GRCh37/hg19]der(9)

(9pter->9q21.2(+)(80843698)::

q21.2(-)(80849760}),q21.2(-)(80849462})::

q21.2(+)(80859678}->9qter)

Not available

Pathogenic (CEP78)

Hom

9

80843698

80849462

Del

B

5.7 kb

Sanger and Microarray

80849462

80849760

Inv

C

298 bp

Sanger

80849760

80859678

Del

D

9.9 kb

Sanger and Microarray

P4

HIE Grade 2, birth asphyxia; Fetal distress; Intrauterine hypoxia

F

dupINVdup

46,XX,der(X)(p22.13,p22.13)dn

seq[GRCh37/hg19]der(X)

(Xpter->Xp22.13(+)(18074005)::

GCA…CAC{100}::

p22.13(-)(18532312),p22.13(-)(17793009)::

p22.13(+)(18248955)->Xqter)dn

De novo

VUS (CDKL5)

Het

X

17793009

18074005

Dup

B

280 kb

Sanger and Microarray

17793009

18532312

Inv

B-C-D

458 kb

Sanger and ONT

18248955

18532312

Dup

D

283 kb

Microarray

  1. cxSVs are described using Next-Gen Cytogenetic Nomenclature [49]. For details of all affected genes, see Additional file 2: Table S1
  2. cxSV complex structural variant, GT genotype, Chr chromosome, SV structural variant
  3. aNot confirmed by Sanger sequencing; coordinate obtained from direct observation of WGS data in IGV
  4. bRefers to genomic segments as shown in Fig. 1