Fig. 3

Implications of personalized gene regulatory networks for precision medicine. Depending on an individual’s regulatory wiring, specific drugs may or may not be effective. Personalized GRNs will provide guidance for precision medicine in the future. In this example, GRNs of two hypothetical patients are shown in which the regulatory wiring between the drug target gene and the key driver gene is different. a In individual 1, the drug target gene activates the key driver gene. b In individual 2, the interaction between both genes is absent. Thus, in individual 1, the drug is effective, whereas in individual 2, the drug is ineffective. GRN gene regulatory network