Table 1 Core symptoms and common characteristics of psychiatric disorders. Ticks and crosses correspond to characteristics commonly observed or absent in the given diagnosis, respectively
From: Translating insights from neuropsychiatric genetics and genomics for precision psychiatry
Diagnosis | Symptoms | Common characteristics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychosis | Depression | Cognitive deficits | Childhood onset | Late adolescence/early adulthood onset | ||
Intellectual disability | Severe deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive skills, usually established with an IQ score < 70. | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ | ✘ |
Autism spectrum disorder | Developmental disorders with abnormal verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms range from moderate to severe. | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ | ✘ |
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | Persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, which disrupt social, academic or occupational functioning. | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ |
Schizophrenia | Positive (hallucinations, delusions), negative (diminished emotional expression), cognitive decline, disorganized thinking. | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ |
Bipolar disorder | Episodes of extreme high (mania) and low (depression) moods. | ✓ | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ |
Major depressive disorder | Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Inability to concentrate and diminished interest in most activities. | ✘ | ✓ | ✘ | ✘ | ✓ |