Fig. 1

Effects of FOS and PDX on the human gut microbiome. Cohorts 3 for FOS and PDX received the highest doses of the compounds, cohorts 2 intermediate doses, and cohorts 1 the lowest doses. a Percent changes in alpha (Shannon) diversity between baseline and later periods (feeding1, feeding2, and washout) in each cohort receiving FOS or PDX. b Within-participant Bray Curtis dissimilarity from baseline samples in each cohort receiving either FOS or PDX. c Multidimensional scaling analysis of each participant in the high-dose cohorts receiving either FOS or PDX. Each dot represents the microbiome as measured in a fecal sample from a participant and is colored by study period. d Genera differentially abundant between baseline and feeding periods in each cohort receiving FOS or PDX. The boxplot summarizes taxa shifts across participants and is colored by significance level