Table 3 Absolute number of overlapping CpGs and P values for the enrichment of significant CpGs from previous EWASs (N > 1000) in our data
| Previous study (N sites associated with BMI) | Significance level | Analysis A: association of cord blood DNA methylation with early childhood BMI (2–5 years) | Analysis B: association of cord blood DNA methylation with late childhood BMI (5–10 years) | Analysis C: cross-sectional analysis of whole blood DNA methylation with childhood BMI (2–10 years) | Analysis D: cross-sectional analysis of whole blood DNA methylation with adolescent BMI (12–18 years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 × 10−5 | N = 7 | N = 8 | N = 51 | N = 26 | |
| 0.05 | N = 22,687 | N = 20,645 | N = 37,074 | N = 25,292 | |
| Ali et al. [56] (3 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
| 0.05 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
1/3 Penrichment = 0.24 |
0 Penrichment = 1 | |
| Aslibekyan et al. [6] (8 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
| 0.05 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
1/8 Penrichment = 0.51 |
2/8 Penrichment = 0.08 | |
| Campanella et al. [57] (26 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
1/26 Penrichment = 0.002 |
| 0.05 |
3/26 Penrichment = 0.16 |
1/26 Penrichment = 0.72 |
6/26 Penrichment = 0.02 |
11/26 Penrichment = 1.006 × 10−7 | |
| Geurts et al. [58] (310 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
2/310 Penrichment = 0.0006 |
2/310 Penrichment = 0.0002 |
| 0.05 |
12/310 Penrichment = 0.90 |
13/310 Penrichment = 0.73 |
103/310 Penrichment = 3.92 × 10−34 |
125/310 Penrichment = 6.63 × 10−70 | |
| Mendelson et al. [9] (83 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
2/83 Penrichment = 4.67 × 10−5 |
3/83 Penrichment = 1.81 × 10−8 |
| 0.05 |
4/83 Penrichment = 0.64 |
8/83 Penrichment = 0.045 |
28/83 Penrichment = 1.36 × 10−10 |
45/83 Penrichment = 3.02 × 10−33 | |
| Sayols-Baixeras et al. [59] (96 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
| 0.05 |
8/96 Penrichment = 0.13 |
9/96 Penrichment = 0.04 |
24/96 Penrichment = 1.53 × 10−6 |
30/96 Penrichment = 1.85 × 10−14 | |
| Sun et al. [26] black participants (36 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
1/36 Penrichment = 0.002 |
| 0.05 |
3/36 Penrichment = 0.30 |
6/36 Penrichment = 0.007 |
13/36 Penrichment = 4.98 × 10−6 |
22/36 Penrichment = 1.50 × 10−18 | |
| Sun et al. [26] white participants (349 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
| 0.05 |
12/349 Penrichment = 0.959 |
22/349 Penrichment = 0.12 |
86/349 Penrichment = 4.13 × 10−19 |
116/349 Penrichment = 1.75 × 10−54 | |
| Wahl et al. [5] (187 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
2/187 Penrichment = 0.0002 |
3/187 Penrichment = 2.10 × 10−7 |
| 0.05 |
8/187 Penrichment = 0.77 |
11/187 Penrichment = 0.29 |
61/187 Penrichment = 1.97 × 10−20 |
77/187 Penrichment = 1.68 × 10−44 | |
| Wang et al. [25] (54 CpGs) | 1 × 10−5 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
0 Penrichment = 1 |
1/54 Penrichment = 0.003 |
| 0.05 |
2/54 Penrichment = 0.79 |
4/54 Penrichment = 0.26 |
23/54 Penrichment = 2.49 × 10−11 |
33/54 Penrichment = 3.98 × 10−27 | |
| N CpGs in ≥ 2 adult studies | 0.05 | 9/52 (17.3%) | 23/75 (30.7%) | 98/347 (28.2%) | 163/465 (35.1%) |