Table 1 Inclusion/exclusion criteria for Biobank and SingHEART research studies

Inclusion/exclusion criteria for Biobank

 Inclusion criteria:

  1. Healthy men and women age ≥ 16 years and ≤ 90 years

 Exclusion criteria:

  1. History of heart attack

  2. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)—a procedure used to open blocked coronary arteries (caused by coronary artery disease)

  3. Coronary heart disease with stenosis (abnormal narrowing of the blood vessel) of more than 75%

  4. History of stroke

  5. Currently being pregnant

  6. Known definite diabetes mellitus or on treatment for diabetes mellitus

  7. Cardiac pacemaker, brain aneurysm or clips, electronic implant or prosthesis (artificial body part such as leg), eye metal foreign body injury, or severe claustrophobia (fear of small or confined places)

  8. Medication which does not include 1 anti-hypertension medication, oral contraceptive pill, asthma inhalers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

  9. Parents, children, or siblings (first degree family members) that have an inherited heart condition—either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

  10. Family members already volunteered for this study—parents, children, siblings, grandparents, great grandparents, cousins, nieces, or nephews

Inclusion/exclusion criteria for SingHEART

 Inclusion criteria:

  1. Healthy men and women age 21–69 years

 Exclusion criteria:

  1. Previous myocardial infarction (MI). This will include ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI)

  2. Known coronary artery disease—prior coronary revascularization

  3. Known documented peripheral arterial disease

  4. Previous stroke (stroke is defined as new focal neurological deficit persisting more than 24 h)

  5. More than ongoing use of 2 or more anti-hypertensive agents

  6. Prior history of cancer (excludes pre-cancerous lesions)

  7. Expected life expectancy less than 1 year

  8. Known definite diabetes mellitus or on treatment for diabetes mellitus

  9. Known autoimmune disease or genetic disease

  10. Known endocrine disease on treatment

  11. Psychiatric illness

  12. Asthma or chronic lung disease requiring long term medications or oxygen

  13. Chronic infective disease, including tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, and HIV

  14. Inability to comply with study protocol

  15. Any other acute or chronic medical or physical condition deemed by the investigator to affect study outcomes.