Fig. 1

Whole blood transcriptomes reveal diversity of COVID-19 patients not explained by disease severity. a Schematic workflow for analysis of whole blood transcriptome data. b Number of significantly upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) genes (FC > |2|, FDR-adj. p value < 0.05) comparing COVID-19 and control samples. c Volcano plot depicting fold changes (FC) and FDR-adjusted p values comparing COVID-19 and control samples. Differentially expressed up- (red) and downregulated genes (blue) are shown and selected genes are highlighted. d Plot of top 10 most enriched GO terms for significantly up- and downregulated genes, showing ratio of significantly regulated genes within enriched GO terms (GeneRatio). e PCA plot depicting relationship of all samples based on dynamic gene expression of all genes comparing mild and severe COVID-19 as well as control samples. f Number of significantly upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) genes (FC > |2|, FDR-adj. p value < 0.05) comparing mild and severe COVID-19 as well as control samples. g Volcano plot depicting fold changes and FDR-adjusted p values comparing mild and severe COVID-19 as well as control samples. Differentially expressed up- (red) and downregulated genes (blue) are shown and selected genes are highlighted. h Hierarchical clustering map of 25% most variable genes between control patients and COVID-19 mild or severe patients, with additional annotation of disease outcome, hierarchical agglomerative clustering of clinical parameters COVID-19, the groups defined by agglomerative clustering, WHO ordinal score, and age bins