Fig. 2

Co-expression analysis discloses COVID-19 subgroups with distinct molecular signatures. a Schematic overview of the analysis performed on the whole blood samples. b Alluvium plot visualizing the distribution of the samples according to different grouping; disease status, severity, and data-driven sample groups. c Group fold change heat map and hierarchical clustering for the six data-driven sample groups and the gene modules identified byCoCena² analysis. d Functional enrichment of CoCena²-derived modules using the Hallmark gene set database. Selected top terms were visualized. e Functional enrichment of CoCena² module lightgreen using GO gene set database. Top 5 terms were visualized. f Heat map presenting the normalized expression values of the lncRNA CYTOR, and protein-coding RNAs PIK3CB and VIM from the lightgreen CoCena² module. g Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio plot after cell type deconvolution at lineage level. h Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio across the six data-driven sample groups. Box plots show median with variance, with lower and upper hinges representing the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively