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Fig. 3 | Genome Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Dietary fiber intake, the gut microbiome, and chronic systemic inflammation in a cohort of adult men

Fig. 3

Species abundances significantly associated with C-reactive protein and dietary fiber intake. We included 925 metagenomic samples from 307 participants in this analysis. Comparisons used log-transformed CRP and fiber assessed as recent intake using both 7-day dietary records and long-term cumulative averages from Food Frequency Questionnaires over 1986-2010. A Significant associations between recent and long-term dietary fiber and CRP and metagenomic microbial species abundances using multivariate linear association testing (see the “Methods” section). Models were adjusted for age, recent antibiotics, and total calorie intake; models for CRP were additionally adjusted for body mass index. All species with FDR-corrected p < 0.25 are in Additional file 1: Figure S3 and Additional file 2: Table S2. B Raw (non-residualized) abundances for the species associated with recent dietary fiber intake and C CRP. Both recent and long-term higher dietary fibers were associated with shifts in individual microbial species such as Clostridiales. Greater microbial differences were observed in association with intake of pectin and fiber from fruits and, to a lesser extent, cereals, compared to vegetable fiber. Higher CRP levels corresponded with a generally inflammation-associated gut microbial configuration [45]

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