Table 2 Genetically interpretable multimorbidity modules and their hub diseases

LG-module1

33

Neurological-Spine

Obesity (E66) | Dorsalgia (M54)

LG-module2

33

Male genital organs-Neoplasm-Urinary

Hyperplasia of prostate (N40) | Other disorders of urinary system (N39) | Other disorders of bladder (N32)

LG-module3

31

Gastrointestinal-Immunological

/

LG-module4

29

Endocrine-Hematological-Ophthalmological

Angina pectoris (I20) | Chronic renal failure (N18) | Pulmonary embolism (H26)

LG-module5

20

Cardiovascular-Respiratory

Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco (F17) | Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J42;J44) | Pneumonia, organism unspecified (J18)

LG-module6

16

Hepatobiliary pancreas

Cholelithiasis (K80) | Fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver (K74) | Other diseases of liver (K76)

LG-module7

14

Joint

Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis (I80) | Other arthrosis (M19) | Gonarthrosis [arthrosis of knee] (M17) | Other soft tissue disorders, not elsewhere classified (M79) | Pulmonary embolism (I26)

LG-module8

10

Dermatological-Neoplasm

Other malignant neoplasms of skin (C44)

NG-module1

49

Bone-Joint-Muscular-Neurological-Spine

/

NG-module2

41

Hematological-Infectious

/

NG-module3

39

Male genital organs-Urinary

Hyperplasia of prostate (N40) | Other disorders of urinary system (N39)

NG-module4

33

Cardiovascular-Ophthalmological

Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco (F17) | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (E10) | Acute myocardial infarction (I21;I22) | Other systemic involvement of connective tissue (M35)

NG-module5

27

Gastrointestinal

Diaphragmatic hernia (K44) | Gastritis and duodenitis (K29) | Other diseases of digestive system (K92) | Other diseases of anus and rectum (K62)

NG-module6

12

Hepatobiliary pancreas

Cholelithiasis (K80)

NG-module7

10

Female genital organs

Carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri (D06;N87) | Excessive, frequent and irregular menstruation (N92) | Female genital prolapse (N81)

NG-module8

9

Dermatological-Neoplasm

Other malignant neoplasms of skin (C44)

NG-module9

6

Ear, Nose, Throat

Nasal polyp (J33)