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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia patients and control participants

From: An epigenetic and transcriptomic signature of immune tolerance in human monocytes through multi-omics integration

 

CAP patients

Control subjects

P value

Size, n

75

41

 

Demographics

Age, year, mean (SD)

70.67 (13.31)

69.37 (8.60)

0.574d

Sex, male, n (%)

41 (54.7)

24 (58.5)

0.837c

Ethnicity, Caucasian, n (%)

53 (70.7)

36 (87.8)

0.063c

Body Mass Index, median [Q1, Q3]

25.93 [23.07, 28.41]

26.36 [24.74, 29.58]

0.177b

Chronic comorbidities, n (%)

COPD

26 (34.7)

4 (9.8)

0.007c

Cardiovascular disease

58 (77.3)

25 (61.0)

0.099c

Diabetes

19 (25.3)

4 (9.8)

0.077c

Malignancy

20 (26.7)

8 (19.5)

0.526c

Chronic renal disease

7 (9.3)

1 (2.4)

0.309c

Immunosuppressiona

4 (5.3)

2 (4.9)

0.99c

Disease severity, median [Q1, Q3]

PSI score

4.00 [3.00, 4.00]

–

 

SOFA score

0.00 [0.00, 1.00]

–

 

Causal pathogen, n (%)

 

–

 

Streptococcus pneumoniae

10 (13.33)

–

 

Haemophilus influenzae

7 (9.33)

–

 

Staphylococcus aureus

4 (5.33)

–

 

Influenza A virus

6 (8)

–

 

Influenza B virus

3 (4)

–

 

Rhinovirus

3 (4)

–

 

Coronavirus type NL63

1 (1.33)

–

 

Respiratory syncytial virus

2 (2.67)

–

 

Human metapneumovirus

2 (2.67)

–

 

Parainfluenza virus 1–4

2 (2.67)

–

 

No causative pathogen identified

39 (52)

–

 

Outcome

ICU admission, n (%)

5 (6.7)

–

 

Hospital LoS, days, median [Q1, Q3]

5.00 [3.00, 8.75]

–

 

Hospital mortality, n (%)

1 (1.4)

–

 

Day 28 mortality, n (%)

4 (6.1)

–

 
  1. Definition of abbreviations: CAP community-acquired pneumonia, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PSI Pneumonia Severity Index, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, ICU intensive care unit, LoS length of stay, and SD standard deviation of the mean. a Immunosuppression was defined by the use of methotrexate or prednisone (n=2) and/or positive human immunodeficiency virus (n=5). b Mann-Whitney U test; c chi-square test with Yates’ continuity correction; d Student t test