Fig. 2

A Differentially abundant microorganisms (adjusted p value < 0.01) identified in the comparisons between malignant and benign tissue samples, and pathological T-stage 3 vs. 2 (pT3 vs. pT2). Error bars correspond to the standard error of the log₂ fold change. Malignant tissue sample was associated with over-abundance of Shewanella, and under-representation of Bacteroides fragilis, Saimiriine betaherpesvirus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Pathologically advanced T3 stage tumors were associated with significantly increased abundances of Microbacterium species. Dotted line corresponds to a log₂ fold change cut-off value of |0.58|. B–H Normalized microbial read counts (x-axis) for each patient sample (y-axis) of B. fragilis (B), S. betaherpesvirus (C), Shewanella (D), S. saprophyticus (E), V. parahaemolyticus (F), and Microbacterium sp. (G). Values are given on a log₁₀ scale. Vertical lines denote mean values. Missing bars represent a normalized count value of zero