Fig. 1

Flowchart of the data collection, processing, and analysis procedures of this study. ^* The CARDIoGRAMplusC4D study consisted of primarily Europeans (77%) but also included non-Europeans (13% South Asians, 6% East Asians, and others), ^† MR-PRESSO was performed to identify pleiotropic IVs based on GWAS summary statistics from each population