Fig. 2

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution in the south of Italy. A Geographic map representing European States, colored by the number of 2021 months with at least 5% of viral genomes sequenced, compared to new cases. Only for Italy, individual regions are displayed. B Top: geographic map representing Italian regions, colored by the number of genomes deposited on the GISAID platform. Bottom: percentage of genomes deposited on GISAID over the total Italian sequences, divided in Northern (green) and Southern (blue) regions. 28% of the overall Italian sequences have been produced by this study (dark blue). C Geographic distribution in Campania of the genomes analyzed in this study (top) relative to the population density (bottom). D Density plots showing the distribution, in time, of the most frequent variants described in this study (middle) or in Italy (bottom) relative to the Campania infection curve (top) and waves (red-colored areas). Red arrows highlight different variants dynamics between regional and national level, in a certain period of time. E Distribution of the average CT value across different Variants of Concern (VOC). Only not significant (n.s.) pairwise comparisons are reported (Bonferroni adjusted p-value > 0.05)