Fig. 3

CXCL16 levels increase on IBA1⁺ cells during acute infection and return to baseline levels during recovery. a Representative microscopy images of RNA in situ/immunohistochemistry (ISH/IHC) for Cxcl16 and IBA1 in the cortex of mock- or WNV-infected mice at 7, 25, ad 52 DPI. The middle panel is the inset of the white box in 7 DPI. b–d Quantification of the ISH/IHC for Cxcl16 ⁺ area (b); IBA1⁺ Cxcl16 ⁺ area normalized to the total IBA1⁺ area, represented as fold change over mock (c); or IBA1⁺ Cxcl16 ⁺ area normalized to the total Cxcl16 ⁺ area (d) in the cortex or hippocampus of mock- or WNV-infected mice at 7, 25, and 52 DPI. e ELISA for CXCL16 in the cortex, hippocampus, cervical lymph nodes, meninges, and blood at 7 and 25 DPI. f Representative immunostaining of the cortex for CXCR6-GFP, CD3, IBA1, and DAPI. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data represent the mean±s.e.m. and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or unpaired Student’s t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001