Fig. 4

Significant protein-phenotype associations identified using cis and trans genome-wide pQTLs as instrumental variables. Heatmaps were generated using the analyses on the WashU cohort only. A Fifty-eight proteins against 58 diseases in CSF. B Thirty-two proteins against 44 diseases in the plasma. C Nine proteins against 16 diseases in the brain. Colors were coded by 6 bins after cutting z-normalized beta MR estimate: below − 10 as dark blue, − 10 to − 5 as dodger blue, − 5 to 0 as cadet blue1, 0 to 5 as antique white1, 5 to 10 as gold, and above 10 as orange. Phenotype categories were listed on the left side as a bar plot (biological traits as red, blood traits as orange, cancers as purple, non-neurological diseases as green, neurological diseases as blue, personality traits as pink, and other risk factors as khaki)