Fig. 3

Elucidation of expression markers associated with the resistance to temozolomide in patients with IDH-wt primary glioblastoma (GBM). a TMZ-resistant expression marker identification using RNA sequencing (n = 34). b Progression-free survival (upper panel) and overall survival (bottom panel) of IDH-wt, TMZ-treated primary GBM from the TCGA. High risk, z-score of gene expression > 2 in at least one of the TMZ-resistant marker genes (n = 13); others, the rest (n = 83). c Comparison of the expression level of the TMZ-Resistant expression markers in the initial and recurrent paired samples from the longitudinal sequencing cohort with 40 IDH-wt, TMZ-treated primary GBMs. Each gray line connects the gene expression level in one initial and recurrent pair. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed for p-values (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01). qnorm, quantile normalized