From: Non-coding RNAs: a key to future personalized molecular therapy?
Therapeutic modulation | Chemical-biological characteristics | Strategies | Delivery system | Clinical application | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2'-Ome AMOs | Modified 2-OH residues of the ribose 2'-O-methyl | Inhibition of mature miRNA | RNA-liposome complex; conjugation of a cholesterol | Silence oncomiR | |
2'-MOE AMOs | Modified 2-OH residues of the ribose 2'-O-methoxyethyl | Inhibition of mature miRNA | Oligonucleotide-liposome complex; conjugation of a cholesterol | Silence oncomiR | |
AMOs (RNase H-based) | Contains a short stretch of centrally located 2' deoxy residues | Inhibition of pri-miRNA | Oligonucleotide-liposome complex; conjugation of a cholesterol | Silence polycistronic miRNA cluster | |
LNA-antagomiR | Contains one or more nucleotide building blocks in which an extra methylene bridge fixes the ribose moiety either in C3'-endo or C2'-endo conformation1 | Inhibition of mature miRNA | Unconjugated | Silence oncomiR | [63] |
pre-miRNA-like shRNAs | Natural pre-miRNA, for a more persistent miRNA replacement | Replacement of mature miRNA | Plasmid or viral vector with either polymerase II or III promoter upstream of a shRNA | Restore tumor suppressor miRNA | |
Double-stranded miRNA mimetics | Equivalent to endogenous Dicer product; analogous structure to an siRNA | Replacement of mature miRNA | Oligonucleotide-liposome complex; conjugation of a cholesterol; linking with delivery proteins; other nanotechnology-based conjugation; transgene approach | Restore tumor suppressor miRNA | [87] |
Synthetic miRNAs | Designed related target mRNA | Selected silence target | Conjugation of a protein interaction target | Tumor suppressor role | |
'miRNA sponges' | Multiple miRNA binding sites into the 3' UTR of a reporter gene encoding destabilized GFP driven by the CMV promoter | Inhibition of mature miRNA cluster | Sponge plasmid vector | Silence oncomiR family | [66] |