Table 1 Prevalence and major phenotypic features of autoimmune diseases
From: Emerging patterns of genetic overlap across autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disease | Frequency in the general population | Major phenotypic features |
|---|---|---|
Celiac disease [39] | 750 per 100,000 (United States) | Break in immune tolerance to gluten, with malabsorptive diarrhea, and villous atrophy of intestinal mucosae |
Type 1 diabetes [40] | 50 to 200 per 100,000 (United States) | Hyperglycemia with macro- and microvascular complications |
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) [39] | 200 per 100,000 (United States) | Ulcerative colitis: superficial continuous ulceration of the large bowel. Crohn's disease: transmural lesions that can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
Rheumatoid arthritis [41] | 500 to 1,100 per 100,000 (United States and northern Europe) | Chronic inflammatory joint disease with potential joint destruction |
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis [42] | 12 per 100,000 (United States) | Clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis in children |
Multiple sclerosis [43] | 22 to 177 per 100,000 (United States) | Inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with a wide range of neurological symptoms resulting from white matter lesions |
Systemic lupus erythematosus [44] | 150 per 100,000 (United States) | Wide range of clinical manifestations with multi-organ involvement |
Spondyloarthropathies [45] | 1,300 per 100,000 (United States) | Inflammatory rheumatic disorders characterized by axial and or peripheral arthritis, associated with enthesitis, dactylitis and potential extra-articular manifestations such as uveitis and skin rash |