Assessing the metabolic effects of prednisolone in healthy volunteers using urine metabolic profiling

Table 2 Metabolites significantly changed in urine of healthy volunteers treated with prednisolone for 15 days.

Metabolite pathway			Protocol 1
	Name	HMDB ID	Placebo	7.5 mg	15 mg	30 mg
Proteogenic amino acids	L-glutamine	HMDB00641	0.9	1.5**	4.1*	3.3***
	L-histidine	HMDB00177	1.2	0.8	1.3	2.3**
	L-asparagine	HMDB00168	0.9	1.1**	1.3**	1.6***
	L-alanine	HMDB00161	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.6***
	L-threonine	HMDB00167	0.9	0.9	1.0*	1.4***
	L-tryptophan	HMDB00929	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3***
	L-serine	HMDB00187	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.2*
	L-isoleucine	HMDB00172	1.2	0.9	0.9**	1.3
Other amino acids	Kynurenate	HMDB00715	1.1	0.9	0.8***	0.9**
	Prolyl-4-hydroxyproline	HMDB06695	1.1	1.1	0.8**	0.8**
Carbohydrate metabolism	D-glucose	HMDB00122	1.2	1.4	1.4	5.5*
	Gluconate	HMDB00625	1.3	1.1	1.0**	0.9***
	N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate	HMDB00781	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.8***
	Sorbitol	HMDB00247	1.2	1.0	0.9*	0.8*
Steroids	Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate	HMDB01032	0.9	0.2***	0.2**	0.2***
Energy metabolism	Isocitrate	HMDB00193	1.1	1.1	0.9*	0.8***
	Phosphate	HMDB01429	1.1	1.0	0.8*	0.8**
	Citrate	HMDB00094	1.4	1.0*	1.0**	0.7***
Nucleotide metabolism	Nicotinic acid mononucleotide	HMDB01132	1.4	1.3	1.0*	0.9*
	Pseudouridine	HMDB00767	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9*
	N-methylnicotinamide	HMDB00699	1.2	0.9	0.6*	0.5**
Vitamins and cofactors	Pyridoxine	HMDB00239	1.2	0.7**	0.7	0.8**
Xenobiotics	Mandelic acid	HMDB00703	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.4**
	Salicyluric acid	HMDB00840	2.5	1.3	1.0**	1.0
	Tartaric acid	HMDB00956	1.1	1.1	0.9*	0.9
Catecholamine metabolism	Homovanillic acid	HMDB00118	1.2	0.9*	0.9**	1.0*
	Dopamine	HMDB00073	1.3	0.9**	0.8***	0.9**
	Vanillylmandelic acid	HMDB00291	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9*
Glycerophospholipid metabolism	Ethanolamine	HMDB00149	1.0	0.8**	0.8**	0.9*

Data represents the mean ratio of metabolite level at day 15 compared to day 0. *P <0.05, **P <0.01,***P <0.001 and q <0.05 compared to placebo group, using linear mixed models. HMDB, Human Metabolome Database.

ISSN: 1756-994X