Table 4 Examples of proteomic studies of osteoporosis^a

Human bone MSCs

64 secreted proteins upregulated, especially SMOC1

Osteoblast mineralization

[82]

Human PBMs

ANXA2

Osteoclast differentiation

[39]

Human osteocytes

LRP4

A sclerostin interaction partner

[87]

Chinese with low BMD

SOD 2 upregulated

Located in circulating monocytes (potential osteoclast precursors)

[89]

Osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells

Upregulation of IQGAP1, gelsolin, moesin, radixin, and CFL1

Cytoskeleton regulation

[79]

Upregulation of FLNA, LAMA1, LAMA5, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A6, COL5A2; downregulation of COL4A1, COL4A2, and COL4A4

Focal adhesion signaling

[79]

Osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells/ leukocyte common antigen-related tyrosine phosphatase

ALP, BSP, DLX5, OCN, and RUNX2

Erk activation

[80]

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts induced from RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line (from murine blood)/Er-Xian Decoction treatment

In osteoblasts: 8 proteins upregulated

Hmgb1, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, histone H2, carbonyl reductase 1, ATP synthase, aldolase A, and GDIα

[78]

In osteoblasts: 3 proteins downregulated

Carbonic anhydrase 3, prohibitin, hemiferrin, far upstream element-binding protein

[78]

In osteoclasts: 3 proteins upregulated

Vimentin, protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 and α-fetoprotein

[78]

In osteoclasts: 1 protein downregulated

Calnexin

[78]

Rat primary calvarial osteoblast/Kaempferol

9 proteins upregulated, 9 downregulated

Including cytoskeletal proteins, intracellular signaling protein, chaperone, extracellular matrix protein, and proteins involved in glycolysis and cell-matrix interactions

[77]

Ovariectomized rats

SOD1, ATP synthase, and COMT

Protection against bone loss

[90]