Gene expression profiling reveals potential prognostic biomarkers associated with the progression of heart failure

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study and validation groups

Characteristics	Study group (n = 111)	Validation group (n = 41)	P value
Men	86 (77.5%)	31 (75.6%)	0.83
Women	25 (22.5%)	10 (24.4%)	0.83
Age (years)	58.8 ± 10.4	61 ± 10.6	0.277
BMI (kg/m²)	28.1 ± 4.7	28.9 ± 5.1	0.517
Hypertension	62 (55.9%)	28 (71.8%)	0.09
Diabetes	26 (23.4%)	6 (15.4%)	0.367
Previous MI	8 (7.2%)	3 (7.7%)	1
Smoking	54 (48.6%)	20 (51.3%)	0.853
Hypercholesterolemia	60 (54.1%)	34 (87.2%)	<0.001
AMI	54 (51.4%)	17 (43.6%)	0.456
Previous revascularization	3 (2.7%)	2 (5.1%)	0.605
Non-coronary atherosclerosis	6 (5.4%)	3 (7.7%)	0.697
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	1,641.4 ± 3,675.3	2,913.3 ± 6,975.7	0.559
LVEF (%)	49.3 ± 8.6	42.1 ± 8.3	<0.001
Medications^a
Aspirin	105 (100%)	39 (100%)	NA
Clopidogrel	104 (99%)	39 (100%)	1
Beta blockers	104 (99%)	38 (97.4%)	0.47
ACE inhibitors	100 (95.2%)	39 (100%)	0.324
Statins	103 (98.1%)	39 (100%)	1
Diuretics	21 (20%)	14 (35.9%)	0.079

^aData were only available for n = 105 patients from the study group and n = 39 from validation group; these numbers were used to calculate percentages.
Data at admission.
Data are presented as mean value ± standard deviation or number or percentage of patients. P value <0.05 was considered significant.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AMI, anterior myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.

ISSN: 1756-994X