Fig. 1

Metabolic and microbial diversity improvements during a 1-year period after RYGB. Box plots represent features measured at the three different time points. Lines connect the measures from the same subject. For each pairwise comparison between time points, the P value of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P), the difference between the medians (Δ), and difference between medians normalized by time difference (Δ′) are denoted. a Host metabolism improvements. Postprandial glucose and GLP-1 levels were calculated as area under the curve during a standardized meal test. b Microbial species diversity improvements