Fig. 5

Temporal instability of microbiome α-diversity is associated with infectious outcomes during and after chemotherapy. Shown are the coefficient of variation (CV) of the Shannon diversity index (SDI) for oral (a) and stool (b) samples stratified by patients who did or did not contract an infection during the induction phase of chemotherapy before neutrophil recovery. c, d The CVs of the SDI for oral and stool samples, respectively, stratified by patients who did or did not contract an infection in the 90 days following neutrophil recovery. In all panels the bars represent mean ± standard deviation, and P values comparing SDI CV values among infectious outcomes were calculated using a two-sample t-test with Welch’s correction. e Summarized genera abundance differences between patients who did or did not contract an infection during IC. Significance was determined by individual Mann–Whitney tests for the three different genera (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)