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Table 1 Disease gene sets used in the study

From: Strength of functional signature correlates with effect size in autism

Gene set

Set size (genes)

Odds ratios/effect sizes

Rank

WES resultsa

 De novo loss-of-function, recurrent

27

4.1

11

 De novo CNVs

72

3.95

10

 De novo missense, recurrent

153

1.6

9

 De novo loss-of-function

341

1.5

8

 De novo missense

1339

1.06

5

GWASb

 GWAS, reported genes

49

1.08

7

 GWAS, adjacent genes to SNP

116

1.08

6

Control sets, no effect

 De novo silent

590

NA

2.5

Control groups, no disease

 De novo loss-of-function (sibling controls)

174

NA

2.5

 De novo missense (sibling controls)

1066

NA

2.5

 De novo silent (sibling controls)

468

NA

2.5

  1. aVarying effect sizes depending on mutation and recurrence. Odds ratio is calculated as in Sanders et al. [10] (ratio of observed counts of mutations to silent mutations, and then ratio of those odds between siblings to probands)
  2. bMultiple hit models, low effect size per gene. Odds ratios between 1 and 1.1
  3. NA not applicable