Fig. 3

Knowledge gap between observed genetic variants in the population and documented pharmacogenomics data. a Availability of documented pharmacogenetic associations for 1236 FDA-approved drugs in public repositories such as the PharmGKB database [22] (left) is less abundant than functional variants observed in the population for the drug target genes (right). b, c Examples of known and novel genetic variants (green) in the target genes of warfarin and taxanes that could affect drug efficacy due to effects on the binding site (ligand highlighted in orange)