Fig. 4

Force-directed graphs generated from the k-nearest neighbor graphs of the transformed cells profiled in each patient. Colors indicate which of the astrocyte marker GFAP, the OPC marker OLIG1, the oligodendrocyte marker MOG, or the neuroblast marker STMN2 is most highly expressed in a given cell. For example, a purple cell has higher levels of STMN2 than the other three markers. None of the four markers are detected in white-colored cells. PJ016, PJ018, and PJ048 form multi-branching structures associated specific neural lineages and their respective single-cell average profiles closely resemble the proneural subtype of GBM. For example, one branch of PJ018 terminates with GFAP-expressing astrocytic cells, whereas the other resembles oligodendrocyte differentiation. PJ030, PJ025, and PJ035 are somewhat less structured (although PJ030 contains clearly separated OPC- and astrocyte-like branches) and have single-cell average profiles that closely resemble the classical subtype of GBM. In contrast, PJ017 and PJ032 are unstructured, do not exhibit branching, show reduced neural lineage diversity, and have single-cell average profiles that closely resemble the mesenchymal subtype of GBM