Fig. 3

Granulocytes from severe COVID-19 patients show a simultaneous increase in inflammatory and suppressive signatures. a Schema of sample processing and analysis. b PCA of all genes within the dataset mapped by COVID-19 severity status. c Bar plot of DEGs between severe and mild COVID-19 patients at day 1–10 (left) and day 11–20 (right) (FC > |2|, FDR-adj. p value < 0.05). d Boxplot of CD177 (left) and S100A12 (right) in mild and severe COVID-19 patients at day 1–10 and 11–20. e Mean of group fold changes (GFCs) of the modules darkgreen, darkgrey, lightgreen, maroon, and pink in the granulocyte samples of mild (light purple) and severe (purple) COVID-19 cases over time. f Heat map of mean expression of 24 markers in mild (top) and severe (bottom) patients ordered by days after disease onset bins (day 1–10 and 11–20). g Heat map of mean GFCs of the CoCena² whole blood modules in the granulocyte samples from each individual patient. Patients are clusters by the mean GFC module expression. Severity patterns found in the whole blood CoCena² network were identified and patient groups were assigned accordingly (G1–G5). h Box plot of CD177 expression in granulocytes grouped by G1–G5. i Box plot of CD177 expression in whole blood grouped by G1–G6