Fig. 3

Ability of the different tests to detect the association, depending on simulations parameters n (sample size) and r (proportion of affected cases). In a, a nominal p value threshold of 0.05 is used. In b, a lower p value threshold of 2×10⁻⁶ was used to mimic a realistic data analysis scenario where correction for multiple tests is required. We compare our test (O), the Levene test (L), t-test (T), and Wilcoxon (W). A method is able to detect the signal if the p value is lower than the threshold in the majority of 200 reruns. Here we show the results for d=3. White is for the set of experiments where no method detected the signal, vermillion (red-orange) is when only our test detected the signal, light blue is when our test and the Levene test both detected it, gray is when our method, the t-test and the Levene test detected it and black is when all considered methods can detect the signal (including the Wilcoxon test)