Persistent variations of blood DNA methylation associated with treatment exposures and risk for cardiometabolic outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Characteristics	Number	Percent
Total	2052	100.0
Sex
Male	1084	52.8
Female	968	47.2
Diagnosis
Leukemia	699	34.1
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	644	31.4
Acute myeloid leukemia	53	2.6
Other leukemia	2	0.1
Lymphoma	448	21.8
Hodgkin lymphoma	288	14.0
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	160	7.8
Sarcoma	274	13.4
Ewing sarcoma	74	3.6
Osteosarcoma	74	3.6
Rhabdomyosarcoma	71	3.5
Soft tissue sarcoma	55	2.7
CNS tumors	231	11.3
Astrocytoma or glioma	93	4.5
Medulloblastoma or PNET	56	2.7
Ependymoma	26	1.3
Other CNS tumors	56	2.7
Embryonal	276	13.5
Wilms tumor	134	6.5
Neuroblastoma	107	5.2
Germ cell tumor	35	1.7
Others	124	6.0
Retinoblastoma	45	2.2
Hepatoblastoma	13	0.6
Melanoma	12	0.6
Carcinomas	24	1.2
Others	30	1.5
Chemotherapy
Alkylating agent, classic	1194	58.2
Alkylating agent, heavy metal	239	11.6
Alkylating agent, non-classic	67	3.3
Anthracyclines	1190	58.0
Anti-metabolites	1024	49.9
Asparaginase enzymes	1190	58.0
Epipodophyllotoxins	709	34.6
Corticosteroids	965	47.0
Vinca alkaloids	1482	72.2
Radiation therapy (RT)
Brain RT	629	30.7
Chest RT	577	28.1
Abdominal RT	412	20.1
Pelvic RT	352	17.2
CHCs	Incident N/N at risk	(%, 95% CI)
Abnormal glucose metabolism	302/1680	(18.0, 16.2–19.9)
Cardiomyopathy	168/1742	(9.6, 8.4–11.1)
Hypercholesterolemia	479/1461	(32.8, 30.5–35.3)
Hypertriglyceridemia	399/1539	(25.9, 23.8–28.2)
Hypertension	727/1365	(53.3, 50.7–56.0)
Myocardial infarction	47/1892	(2.5, 1.9–3.3)
Obesity	942/1519	(62.0, 59.6–64.5)
Median age at diagnosis, years (range)	8.5	(0.0–23.6)
Median age at DNA sampling, years (range)	33.7	(18.0–66.4)
Median follow-up from primary diagnosis, years (range)	29.4	(7.5–55.6)

Abbreviations: CNS central nervous system, PNET primitive neuroectodermal tumor, RT radiation therapy, CHC chronic health condition, and CI confidence interval

ISSN: 1756-994X