Fig. 5

Cross-phenotype analysis and COVID-19 patient transcriptomics reveals a role for DPP9 in severe COVID-19. a Lung eQTL data from GTEx shows rs12610495 “G” allele is associated with reduced expression of DPP9. b Regional Miami colocalization plot demonstrates the DPP9 locus impacts both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and risk of severe COVID-19. c A significant positive correlation for effect size of SNPs in the DPP9 locus on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and risk of severe COVID-19. d Model of how DPP9 may affect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and risk of severe COVID-19. e DPP9 expression in peripheral blood is significantly higher in COVID-19 patients (n = 77 samples) compared to healthy (n = 19) and bacteria-infected patients (n = 23). The p values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. f COVID-19 patients demonstrate significantly higher DPP9 expression compared to healthy controls during early (days 1–10; n = 19 samples), middle (days 11–20; n = 36), and late (21+ days; n=22) stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The p values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. g DPP9 demonstrates increased expression during recovery from COVID-19. A total of 11 patients were measured sequentially at enrollment (day 0), day 7, and day 14. The colored dash line connects measurements from the same patient across time points. p value was calculated using Friedman test. h Decreased symptom severity scores of COVID-19 patients over time. The eleven subjects in G were assessed for symptom severity at days 0, 7, and 14. The colored dash line connects measurements from the same patient across time points. p value was calculated using Friedman test